On July 18, 2025, in Doha, representatives of the Congolese government and delegates from the M23 rebel movement signed a declaration of principles marking a major milestone in efforts to restore peace in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. This agreement, negotiated under the active mediation of Qatar and with diplomatic support from the United States, lays the foundation for an immediate ceasefire and future substantive negotiations.
Gathered in the Qatari capital for several weeks, both parties endured phases of tension, including a temporary withdrawal by M23 last April. However, international pressure particularly from the U.S. and Qatar’s evident commitment to credible mediation helped rebuild trust and bring the parties back to the negotiating table. It was in this context that the July 18 signature was made possible, sealing a commitment to restore peace and the authority of the state in conflict-affected areas.
The agreement includes several commitments: an immediate cessation of hostilities, guaranteed humanitarian access, and the future creation of a joint security mechanism to oversee the return of state authority in M23-controlled territories. While these measures represent a significant step forward, several sensitive issues remain under discussion. Among them are the release of prisoners detained for M23 affiliation, the reopening of banks in rebel-controlled areas, and the practical details of withdrawing foreign or auxiliary forces involved in the conflict.
The Doha process follows a long line of previous peace initiatives many unsuccessful that have attempted to stabilize the Great Lakes region, which has been troubled for more than two decades. The strong support of the international community, the resumption of dialogue between Kinshasa and Kigali, and the increasing involvement of external powers give this effort an unprecedented scale. A summit between the Congolese and Rwandan presidents is also planned in Washington in the coming weeks to build on the achievements of Doha and move toward a more permanent peace.
The challenge goes beyond military or territorial issues: it involves rebuilding trust between civilians, national authorities, and armed actors. While lasting peace may still seem distant, the action taken in Doha brings a renewed sense of hope to a wounded nation determined to turn the page on war and begin writing one of dialogue and reconciliation.
Joseph Kabuye , Correspondent , Kampala
